Vatican is considered the smallest European country in area and population as it's area equals 0.44 square km and has a population of about 800 persons so it ranks 233rd in the world in terms of population.
Italian is the official spoken language in Vatican which named after the Vatican mountain, The government of the country is an elected monarchy, and is headed by the Pope, President of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Vatican is located in the wast bank of Tiber river in Rome and it's the smallest independent nation / state in the world, Vatican is surrounded by walls that belongs to middle ages except for the southeast border of Saint Peter's square.
The Vatican city has 6 entrances, 3 of them are open to the public :
- Entrance to the bell arch
- Saint Peter's square
- Entrance to the Vatican museum and galleries
The most famous building in the Vatican city is Cathedral of Saint Peter that was built in the 4th century and restored in the 16th century.
this church contains the mausoleum of Saint Peter, and is classified as the second largest Christian religious building in the world.
History
The Vatican is considered one of the most sacred places in Christianity, witnessing a great history and a unique collection of masterpieces of art and architecture like :
- Double columns
- Circular square
- Palaces
- Gardens
The Vatican history goes back to the 4th century a
s the seat of the Catholic Church after building
Cathedral of Saint Peter and then it developed into a popular and commercial area.
Although it was abandoned after the papal court moved to France in 1309, the city's famous monuments were built in 1377.
The Vatican was established in its present form as an independent state after the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
The Vatican city have a telephone system in her own, post office, gardens, astronomical observatory, radio station and banking system.
The unit of the Swiss Guard is the responsible for the personal safety of the Pope since 1506.
Most of the food, water, electricity and gas are imported from abroad, with no taxes on income, import or export of funds.
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